Category: News

In the complex field of MRO, effective communication between clients and maintenance organisations plays a crucial role in ensuring seamless operations, minimising downtime, and maximising productivity. However, despite advancements in the industry, human errors are still a prevalent issue in MRO communication, leading to costly delays, misunderstandings, and potentially compromising safety. “One of the main challenges in MRO communication lies in the complexity of the tasks involved,” says Laimonas Antanaitis, product director at Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry. “Maintenance activities often require close cooperation between technicians, engineers, suppliers, and clients. This intricate system of involved parties that often communicates through several different channels increases the chances of miscommunication.” According to Antanaitis, misinterpretation of information or untimely communication can often lead to challenges and errors. “Clients may struggle to articulate their requirements accurately, especially when changes or updates to processes or operations are required. Furthermore, difficulties in communication can strive from inconsistency, lack of transparency or clarity in the information provided. This can lead to costly work delays or rework, which can have unfortunate repercussions and hinder the relationship between the parties involved.” Furthermore, the fast-paced nature of MRO operations and the pressure to meet tight deadlines contribute to errors in communication. “In such high-stress environments, especially now when the demand for MRO services is at an all-time high, individuals may overlook important details, skip essential steps, or fail to provide timely updates,” he explains. Additionally, communication can fail when operation records are incomplete, incorrect or get replaced. “Poor record-keeping and inconsistent practices make it hard to track changes, verify instructions, or revisit past conversations. This lack of documentation hampers efficiency and makes it tough to find the cause of errors and take preventive measures.” Such human errors in MRO communication can be addressed not only by investing in effective communication skills training for organisation employees but also by leveraging technologies. “There are quality tools created precisely with MRO organisations and their processes in mind,” Laimonas says. “Systems, such as our Sensus Aero Customer Portal module, can streamline communication between customers and service providers, allowing for fewer misunderstandings or miscommunication, which in hands saves time and costs for both parties. Our records show that by using tools like Sensus Aero, businesses can eliminate up to 97% of human errors and increase effective hours by 17%.” Collaboration between customers and organisations is vital in minimizing human errors in MRO communication. And to simplify the process and increase its effectiveness, modern tools and innovations come to aid. Sensus Aero is a family member of Avia Solutions Group – the world’s largest ACMI (aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance) provider with 173 aircraft fleet, operating on all continents in the world. The Group also provides various aviation services such as MRO (maintenance, repair, and overhaul), pilots and crew training, ground handling and other interconnected solutions.   Ground handlers are constantly facing new challenges, which are not static and constantly evolving. Moreover, technological advancements, emissions and higher security regulations are causing quite a disturbance to deal with. This fight is endless, and the most adaptive companies are winning, while others are slowly losing ground and trying different methods to increase revenue by optimising operational and administrational processes to gain a small yet important advantage. Undeniably, safety in aviation is vital, but so are the revenue streams – here we can observe different strategies put to the test: some decide to go for maximum cost savings and others choose to provide high-quality services. Naturally, everything is decided by the airline’s strategic behaviour, values, and competition. Konradas Dulka, Product Director at Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry, examines situations when efficient quality management can bring ground handlers long-term gains. The beginning – standards and efficiency First of all, good, efficient, and structural quality control increases efficiency, as it drastically accelerates the improvement rate and indicates root causes. As this becomes part of the organisational culture, the long-term effect starts to shape and unnecessary processes are stopped, the interaction between departments changes, and operational flows are optimised. As a result, we can gain structural organisational stability, which leads to a less chaotic work environment and better on-time performance, as well as resource reduction. To control and ensure this process, we need something that will serve as the basis: QMS (Quality Management System) and a constant auditing process, resulting in improvements. In essence, we are creating the framework on which we are building our quality standards. Gaining an edge Airport location can have a massive impact on competition and how the chessboard is played. One way of understanding which direction to take is by predicting and understanding airlines’ games. As it is quite different to ground handling, knowing what each airline stands for, and its long-term strategy can open quite a lot of possibilities. If an airport is attracting airlines – for which quality, on-time performance, and operational stability are crucial – reputation can become the key to winning the contract on favourable terms. In other words, even if ground handler will suddenly change the strategic initiative to improve drastically on-time performance, or the first/last bag delivery metrics, it won’t help much, as there are some historical statistical data. However, if a company has been working constantly to be known as high-quality oriented, then retaining current customers, gaining new ones, or expanding to new locations can be a lot easier. In addition, if the airline values high-quality services, then, in the negotiation process, quality-orientated companies can win the contract even with higher pricing, which increases your revenue. It’s a proactive measure, not reactive As we know, safety is vital for all aviation players, however, incidents do happen and usually are caused by human errors. Chances of an error can be minimised by adjusting processes, and constantly reminding staff about the importance of safety and surroundings, paired with Information systems. Each incident has a massive effect on revenue, as insurance can go up higher and with GH profit margins it can be quite a juggling act. In addition, though it is hard to evaluate, the company’s reputation suffers as well, which may prevent it from winning contracts in the future. With correct execution and implementation of culture, where quality is one of the top priorities in organisational goals can build a self-improvement culture – where everyone shares the same core values and does not require a push from top management to be more efficient and create safety-enhancing processes. This not only reduces risks but improves efficiency and mitigates revenue loss. As we have established, in some situations being aware of the competition and airline’s directional strategy makes it possible to gain a substantial advantage. To control everything in a structured way, not only a framework is needed, but tools as well. Digitalisation and the adoption of flexible platforms can increase your efficiency furthermore and help achieve your targets. So, how exactly can this platform help you? Overall, we can see, that establishing a quality-orientated approach in an organisation is not an easy task but can bring an edge in the long term. Understanding competition and being aware of the ever-changing market can lead to a stable, efficient, and more profitable organisation with a perfect reputation. With the aviation industry constantly searching for ways to optimise processes and increase efficiency, effective time management is key to ensuring smooth and sustainable operations, especially in the field of MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations). Laimonas Antanaitis, Product Director at Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry, believes that improved time management can have a massive positive effect on organisation efficiency and bottom line, and shares two main benefits of time tracking. Real-time labour tracking The first major benefit of time management is improved future estimations through real-time labour tracking. Using historical data leads to better planning and cost estimations, which in MRO is crucial to ensure that the maintenance work is completed within budget. By tracking time spent on each task, companies can more accurately estimate labour and material costs, as well as other expenses associated with maintenance activities. This helps them make informed decisions about allocating resources and budgeting for future maintenance work. Resource effectivity and utilisation The second benefit of time tracking is the ability of companies to better understand how their resources are being utilised. For example, if a task is taking longer than expected, it may indicate that additional resources are necessary, or that the current process needs to be optimised or modified to be more efficient. By tracking time, organisations can make changes in real-time, ensuring that they are using their workforce and other resources efficiently, and improve work productivity, which can affect the profitability of the MRO organisation. Simplifying time tracking through software While time tracking has undeniable advantages, it might become a difficult and time-consuming task. To optimise data collection and time tracking management MRO companies turn to software solutions, such as Sensus Aero. This tool works like a sandglass: it does not allow time to stop once the sand starts to flow ensuring task cards are managed effectively. Sensus Aero labour tracking tool lets only to change the type of time spent, but not stop it completely before ending the day. Using it allows businesses to better manage labour tracking KPIs, such as how much effective (spent on working cards) and non-effective (break, waiting for tools) time was spent per employee, bay, hangar, or organisation. By turning to software solutions companies can better understand their process gaps, improve employee/department efficiency, and optimise costs. Ground handling companies play a critical role in the aviation industry. They are responsible for providing a wide range of services, including marshalling, cleaning and baggage handling. These services are essential for the smooth functioning of airports and airlines. However, ground handling companies are facing a substantial number of challenges, especially with regards to the Ground Support Equipment (GSE). Konradas Dulka, Product Director at Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry, examines some of the problems that ground handling companies are facing with their GSE. Cost of GSE One of the main challenges that ground handling companies are facing is the cost of acquiring and maintaining GSE. GSE can be very expensive, and ground handling companies often have to purchase large quantities of GSE to meet the demands of their customers. Additionally, the cost of maintaining GSE can be significant due to constant need of maintenance and repairs to maintain them in good order. Safety Concerns Another significant challenge ground handling companies face is safety. GSE can be quite dangerous if not operated correctly and one incident can have a massive impact on business and especially future insurance costs. Ground handling companies are responsible for the proper employee training and that the equipment is maintained to the highest standards. Failure to do so can result in accidents that can cause injury or even death. Environmental Regulations There is also pressure on ground handling companies to comply with environmental regulations. GSE can have a significant impact on the environment since often ground handling is still using old and poorly maintained equipment. Airports are introducing strict regulations to reduce CO2 and noise levels. In some cases, ground handling companies must comply with these regulations or face fines. Competition The aviation industry is highly competitive and though each company may have its own strategy and good value proposition, they must offer high-quality services at competitive prices. Many companies are finding it difficult to compete or enter new markets, as larger companies have advantage in resources and economies of scale. Technological Advances One more challenge to face for ground handling companies is technological advances. New technologies are being constantly developed, which aim for improving efficiency and safety of GSE. The big issue is that these technologies can be expensive to implement and ground handling companies must find a balance between investments and remaining competitive. Additionally, employees must be retrained, and, in some cases, processes must be changed to utilize efficiently these new technologies. Control With larger numbers of GSE emerges a challenge on how to efficiently control all your fleet. As we know, maintaining this equipment is vital to ensure safe and efficient ground operations. Here are some ways how software can help with GSE management: There are a lot of challenges now regarding GSE for ground handlers, however there are always ways  to efficiently manage your fleet and business. By automating maintenance scheduling, managing work orders, inventory and providing reporting and analytics, we are certain that we can reduce the number of challenges, ensure better safety and ease the load on the employees. Clear and concise communication every step of the way is of crucial importance for every MRO business and its customers. And while some aspects of such communication are easier to handle, others pose more of a challenge even to the most experienced industry players. According to Romas Butkevicius, CEO at Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry, contracting can be one of the most challenging parts of business-customer communication. Aviation is an extremely precise and safety-focused industry, and the MRO sector is just as, if not more, detail-oriented. “Contracts between MRO services providers and their customers have various conditions, exceptional rules, and specifical agreements. It can become truly difficult to apply all these rules and conditions in real life,” Romas explains. “When working on such billing contracts, the main issue is difficult to contract management tools and systems that lack flexibility, and customisation and are complicated to work with. That’s why we put a lot of effort into making sure that the Sensus MRO contract tool is easy to use and offers a lot of flexibility for MRO providers.” According to Laimonas Antanaitis, Product Director at Sensus Aero, the tool allows clients to easily customise their contracts by applying rules for various aspects of MRO business. “Sensus MRO software’s billing rules module provides the flexibility to apply contract conditions to their customers. It allows organisations to bill labour per specific skill, work card, task, or routine; bill parts and materials for specific price lists or discounts, ability to apply landing costs and various types of MARKUPS or CAP’s; bill work cards or tasks for fixed prices. The tool also allows to administer tasks or work cards to specific groups which could be managed by the different rules as well as to bill services and charges related with the maintenance costs that come from 3rd party providers.” The tool allows not only customise billing rules and conditions but also to simplify invoice preparation. “All the information, gathered by the Sensus MRO software, can be prepared for Invoices or intermediate invoices which can be sent directly to customers or specific accounting systems. It also allows users to get the latest billing information in seconds in a fast-changing maintenance environment,” Laimonas adds. Simplifying and optimising MRO processes and operations can have a great impact on overall business success thus allowing Sensus MRO software to improve billing and invoicing can be beneficial to both MRO organisations as well as their customers. With the opportunities of virtual and augmented reality for aviation training enticing many professionals all over the world, businesses find themselves considering not only the advantages but also the possible challenges of such technologies. According to Konradas Dulka, Product Director at Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry, Virtual Reality applications can be both easy and troublesome. “VR application challenges come in many different forms – some technical, while others lie in the human factor,” he shares. “So, while these technologies are valuable and allow us to improve training processes and engage trainees at the same time, we have to stay vigilant when addressing these challenges.” The Product Director explains that one of the main challenges is optimisation. “At Sensus Aero, we have experimented with a number of different VR engines, which all have distinct advantages. However, regardless of what engine you choose, you need to spend a lot of time on optimizations. If you base your strategy on only realistic graphics, great sound effects, good procedure step-by-step guidance, your product will not automatically be great,” Dulka explains. “In my mind, the global optimisations actually define the product, allowing for it to be used for a longer time even by those, who have not tried anything like that before.” While in VR training a real-life procedure is simulated, not everything needs to be trained. “We are concentrating only on the procedural steps to make the training quicker and more concentrated. This means that every step of VR simulation creation must be considered very carefully – what do we want to be a part of simulation and what is not that important,” Konradas Dulka shares. “Our research has shown that during the simulation if there are parts of training when inside VR simulation you are moving without doing anything, for example riding a bus as a passenger, half of the people experience head spinning. Therefore, here we give the option for the instructor to disable the part and move to the next stage. In other words, the VR personalisation must be present, as no one is the same.” One other major challenge is onboarding. If a person has not tried VR previously, it takes on average around 10 minutes to onboard them. “We usually recommend starting the training with easier procedures, just to get used to the controls and the feeling itself. Unlike ERP systems or mobile apps, VR gives you the feeling of immersion – the user starts to believe he is inside the simulation and here we can help them develop the right habits. If onboarding has been done in the right way, Sensus Aero VR training mode can easily guide users through the steps – even if the procedure is quite complicated. And that’s it! After the onboarding users can be self-sufficient and execute training by themselves, which means a lower load on the trainer’s schedule,” he shares his insights. The harder the procedure, the higher the chance of mistakes and the return on investment of VR suddenly skyrockets. “One of the harder procedures we had to adapt to VR was into-plane fuelling. The complexity of a huge number of steps, and replication of fuelling panels, trucks and sequences was truly a challenge. You cannot replicate “more or less” and hope that users will believe it – it must be exactly replicated graphically, ensuring that control interaction is as realistic as possible. Additionally, you have to tune everything according to the business itself, as the company might be using different trucks where controls differ, clients aircraft fleet can consists of many different aircraft types and so on,” he explains. “Our recommendation is to concentrate on the most common mistakes and start from there. Additionally, unlike real-life training, with Sensus Aero into-plane fuelling VR we can simulate the overpressure or fire hazard, which in real-life practice it is just not possible to do. It is always good to know, that your staff is prepared for all situations, not only the “positive” sequence. We believe that with VR training integration we can enhance the safety of aviation and minimise the risk of the human factor. “ While some markets are quick adopters of new tech, others are on the slower side. However, everybody understands, that currently, the industry is at the breaking point with a significant shift of next-gen technology adaptation just around the corner. And with the positive ROI of VR and the significant improvements in aviation safety it allows for, it is safe to say that soon aviation training will look very different. While streamlining and optimising MRO processes can be very beneficial to every business, it does not eliminate the crucial part of successful operations – convenient and easy communication with customers. With questions, issues, and opportunities following close to every MRO process, the ability to convey information clearly and easily is extremely beneficial both to the MRO provider as well as the customer. “Most of the time miscommunication is not a purposeful act but a human error, cultural or industry-based difference,” says Romas Butkevicius, CEO at Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry. “Yet the nature of communication difficulties does not change the fact that it could become a costly issue for all parties involved. While creating tools and IT solutions, we have always focused on optimisation and client experience improvement, thus Sensus Aero Customer Portal has been created with users and efficiency in mind.” According to Laimonas Antanaitis, product owner at Sensus Aero, the Customer Portal allows MRO providers to show transparency while maintaining a clear and concise path of communication. “It is a convenient and beneficial tool for service providers as well as their customers. Users can check active aircraft maintenance projects and follow the working cards’ progress in real-time. They are also able to see all working cards’ stats, including labour and materials needed or used, while also allowing them to approve required materials and labour for aircraft maintenance projects. This allows users of the tool to easily approve required additional services through the Customer Portal even during the aircraft maintenance project. Additionally, customers can see their own stock of materials that they have with MRO organization, making it easier to plan within their own business.” Such transparency of projects and up-to-date tasks builds trust and confidence within the involved companies. “Working and communicating within companies should not be difficult, thus having all the needed information in one place, easily available via an online platform or a mobile app, makes life and work easier for all parties involved,” says Laimonas Antanaitis. [vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]Similarly, to most aviation sectors, the ground handling industry is quite conservative, and changes are sometimes slow to take root. While many organisations push for internal improvements in time savings, higher efficiency, and lower error count, changing the long-established methods is a difficult task. “For quite a while now recruitment has been a challenge to most aviation organisations with demand for staff steadily growing and supply lagging behind, making well-trained employees a valuable asset,” explained Romas Butkevicius, CEO of Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry. “This puts additional importance on the whole training process as in-demand employees have many choices and opportunities in the industry. Thus, old and boring training methods can become detrimental to retaining much-needed staff.” According to Konradas Dulka, Product Director, providing large amounts of text and hoping that newcomers will remember everything is no longer a viable option. “It has been noticed that micro training combined with interactive training has been much more effective, engaging, and interesting. This tendency becomes even more noticeable as generation Z will join the workforce, requiring more effort from organisations to keep them interested.” This is one of many reasons, why Sensus Aero has advanced forward and embraced the newest technologies to make a substantial improvement on training processes. “There are tools used for Virtual Reality simulators in aviation, but to go even further, we found, that combining VR manual, VR examination and 3D manuals substantially improves training material appropriation, both in on-boarding process and on the field. This solution is not just a tool, but easily – and with low costs – incorporates into the training and onboarding process. We call it “Progressive 3D training flow” and it consists of 3 steps,” explained Dulka. Sensus Aero Product Director shares that these 3 steps amplify the training quality and continue to serve while the employees are already in operations for refresh trainings. “The first and second steps are done in Virtual Reality training. The 1st part shows how the procedure must be completed correctly in VR, where each student can see what the exact steps are. Here we are teaching students to focus on correct execution of the procedure and what to look out for.” According to Dulka, the 2nd part of the training consists of a student going through examination process, where they are free to do whatever they want, however they must complete the objective and use the knowledge gained in the 1st part. “As an example, with “workaround procedure” we are able to simulate realistic damage where students’ attention and knowledge is put to the test. Here, the emphasis falls on developing the right habits and making employees fully prepared for operations. In this instance, Virtual Reality serves as a perfect tool to learn the correct step-by-step procedure and follow their performance. “Our last step is innovative 3D manual. We have developed the first-of-its-kind 3D manual, where we are able to transfer all the procedures in a visual 3D environment, which is accessible via mobile phones. This means, that if at any point employee forgets how the procedure must be done or how to operate a particular GSE, they can open the application and in one minute can go through visual instructions on how to execute the task. This serves as refresht training perfectly as well.” Introducing innovative training amplification is a challenge for sure, but in the long run, such improvements in processes can become an irreplaceable part of operations. “Combining these 3 modern training steps can guarantee that training time will be reduced, lower supervision will be needed, and most importantly quality of training will be of the highest standard,” shared Konradas Dulka, Product Director of Sensus Aero. [/vc_column_text][vc_gallery type=”flickity_static_height_style” images=”1754,1753,1752″ flickity_spacing=”default” flickity_controls=”pagination” flickity_overflow=”hidden” flickity_wrap_around=”wrap” flickity_box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” onclick=”link_no”][/vc_column][/vc_row] MRO (maintenance, repair, and overhaul) organisations are constantly faced with a plethora of different challenges one of which is finding clients. All in all, it’s a difficult task, usually taken on by talented salespeople who negotiate with clients and participate in tenders. While some parts of this process are easy to manage, others require a lot of time and effort. Preparing a quotation is one of them. According to Romas Butkevicius, CEO of Sensus Aero, software solution for the aviation industry, efficiency is one of the key factors determining the success of the aviation business. “Getting back to a client with a proposal even an hour late can cost you a contract and, possibly, a loyal client. With businesses going digital, previously slow processes are getting rethought and improved, allowing early adopters to get ahead of the competition.” Laimonas Antanaitis, Product Owner at Sensus Aero shares that preparing a proposal with an accurate quotation requires taking into consideration all client’s needs, required labour and skills time, necessary materials, hangar availability, and any other possible costs. “While it is manageable to do that by hand, it has potential for human error and that can become a deal breaker. Using digital solutions for such tasks minimizes possibilities for mistakes.” Antanaitis maintains, that programs like Sensus MRO can become an advantage to MRO organizations as it helps companies to create accurate high-quality proposals promptly. “Our quotation processes are based on historical master data, aircraft maintenance planning documents (MPD’s), and statistics allowing for fast turnaround. According to our clients, the required time to create a quotation gets reduced significantly. A client once shared that since starting to use Sensus MRO, the quote preparation time has shrunk from 4 days for a proposal to only 2 hours. This allowed them to improve efficiency and gain more business.” Using digital solutions help with many other quotation-related tasks that some don’t even think about. “By using programs, you can easily quote your customer in different ways, provide a quotation in several currencies, offer flexible billing options,” says Laimonas. “Using such solutions also allows sales’ teams to efficiently recalculate quotations.” “In such a fast-paced industry, gaining a client or not can boil down to mere moments. Having a smart and convenient solution to respond to their queries in a timely manner can become a true game changer and elevate your business to the next level,” shares Laimonas Antanaitis. Once the pandemic hit, experts claimed that the aviation industry will need years to come back to normal. And yet this summer season has already proven to disprove that claim. With passengers eager to return to travel and make up for a lost time, airports, airlines, and aviation support organisations are faced with employee shortages – there are simply not enough people to fly the planes, serve the passengers or unload their bags. Such shortage at airports around the world has resulted in frequent flight delays, cancellations, and lots of frustration for travellers. With the limited number of available staff, companies turn to digital solutions to minimise the impact, maximise efficiency, and ensure stable operations. “As we observe drastic staffing shortages, the usability and efficiency of each person must be pushed to the max,” claims Romas Butkevicius, CEO of Sensus Aero, a new-gen software solution for the aviation industry. “One important thing to remember – if you are extremely understaffed, the software won’t find you any new employees. However, digital solutions can aid you in the management of the staff you do have. For example, one solution can find better ways to schedule needed staff thus saving on required personnel per period. Needing even 10 fewer people to cover the period while maintaining the same quality of service, can save massive costs on salary alone in the long run,” Romas shares and adds, “While aviation companies struggle to find needed staff, utilizing efficiently current staffing is a must.” According to him, using scheduling tools can also save from human errors. “Before managing any real-time ground handling operations, one must have a good plan. That’s why planners are a valuable asset to the business and the schedule they design plays a vital part. Yet, they are human and make mistakes. Having reliable software can aid in avoiding many threats. And while such systems are not fully replacements for actual planners, they can be a real help in finding the best solutions.” Sensus Aero CEO explains that the tool is able to generate rosters for both, perfect, meaning what is your needed demand with specific qualifications, and for unfulfilled plan situations when the system generates the roster with resources the company currently possess. “The latter mode is harder, as the system, not the planner, has to take in mind all unique situations and automatically assign tasks equally throughout the period. More to that, our solution utilizes AI, which kicks in after 2-3 months of planning and learns the patterns of planner manual changes,” he shares. “The AI is both simple and complex, however, the Rostering requires “human touch” and we found, that each planner has its own style – we are trying to apply it if it has a continuous logic behind it. This helps both us and the users to tune up the results and even further optimize the schedules.” While specialized tools can help businesses adapt to difficult staffing situations, Romas believes that the real, long-term solution for staff shortage is more in the hand of the community as a whole. “We need to encourage the younger generation to join aviation more eagerly. And this is the massive task before us.”